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Review of European Administrative Law (REALaw)
2024 / 1 (april) 1
  • Stéphanie De Somer - Associate professor of administrative law, University of Antwerp

    Special issue ‘Proof in Administrative Law’: Editorial online pdf
Articles
  • Stéphanie De Somer - Associate professor of administrative law, University of Antwerp, Annelien Stijleman - Doctoral Researcher Research Fund, University of Antwerp (BOF)

    Proof in administrative law: introduction and comparative insights online pdf
  • Annelien Stijleman - Doctoral Researcher Research Fund, University of Antwerp (BOF)

    Proof of the Facts in Belgian Administrative Law: An Analysis of the Case Law of the Belgian Council of State online pdf
  • Caroline Expert-Foulquier - Associate Professor in public law, University of Limoges

    Proof of facts in administrative law in France: many ad hoc and ex post rules of evidence, but for how long? online pdf
  • Katharina Reiling - Professor of Public Law, Universität Bremen

    Proof in Administrative Law: the German Perspective online pdf
  • Professor Y. E. Schuurmans - Professor of Constitutional and Administrative Law, Leiden University

    Proof in Dutch Administrative Law online pdf
  • Stéphanie De Somer - Associate professor of administrative law, University of Antwerp, Annelien Stijleman - Doctoral Researcher Research Fund, University of Antwerp (BOF)

    The ‘Europeanization’ of the rules and principles on proof in domestic administrative law online pdf
Case Review
  • Dr Jakub Kerlin - Member of the Legal Service of the Single Resolution Board., Dariusz Ceran - Member of the Legal Service of the Single Resolution Board

    Obligation to State Reasons: Clear Principle with (Still) Unclear Scope? In Search of an Adequate Standard of Reasoning for a Decision Based on Confidential Data (Joined Cases C-584/20 P and C-621/20 P Commission and SRB v Landesbank Baden-Württemberg) online pdf
Book Reviews
  • Annemarie Drahmann - Associate Professor, Department of Constitutional and Administrative Law, Leiden University

    Felix Uhlmann (ed.), Codification of Administrative Law: A Comparative Study on the Sources of Administrative Law, Oxford: Hart Publishing 2023, ISBN 978-1-50995-492-6, Identifier b-9781509954957, open access online pdf
  • Sarah Tas - Sarah Tas, Assistant Professor of European and Comparative Administrative Law, Department of Public Law, Maastricht University.

    Evangelia (Lilian) Tsourdi and Philippe De Bruycker (Eds.), Research Handbook on EU Migration and Asylum Law. Edward Elgar, 2022. ISBN: 9781786439628 online pdf

Proof of facts in administrative law in France: many ad hoc and ex post rules of evidence, but for how long?

Toon als PDF
Caroline Expert-Foulquier - Associate Professor in public law, University of Limoges*


Abstract

In France, general legislative rules of proof of facts between the administrations and the citizens are rare. Nevertheless, there are real obligations for public administrations to base their decisions on factual evidence, and for citizens to provide evidence they hold. The inquisitorial litigation procedure is the main asset of French administrative law because it relieves citizens who take a case to the administrative courts and who do not have all the evidence, some of which is often held by the administrations. Freedom of assessment of evidence is also an important principle which facilitates the administration of evidence for the parties and the judges. However, the disinterest of the legislator with regard to proof in the relations between administrations and citizens can no longer persist in the face of the probative issues raised by digitization and especially big data and artificial intelligence.

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